Appendix 5: Glossary

Housing that is available to households whose needs are not met by the market i.e. at a cost that is low enough for them to afford, in relation to local incomes and house prices.

There are three main types of affordable housing:

1.     Intermediate housing – priced above target rents but below open market levels. To make sure that rents paid by tenants remain affordable and that tenants in similar properties, in similar areas, pay similar rents, whether their landlord is a Council or a Housing Association, the Government set target rents that all properties in the public sector have to achieve by 2012. The target rent for each property was calculated using a set formula that took into account: the value of the property at a set date; its size in terms of the number of bedrooms; average earnings in the area; and its location.

2.     Social (rented) housing - provided by a landlord, where access is on the basis of housing need, with rents no higher than target rents.

3.     Key worker housing - a range of low cost housing options for public sector workers essential to the provision of quality public services.

AMR

Part of the Local Development Framework, the annual monitoring report will assess the implementation of the Local Development Scheme and the extent to which policies in Local Development Documents are being successfully implemented. 

A Development Plan Document that provides the planning framework for a specific location subject to conservation, or regeneration. A key feature is its focus on implementation.

In Pendle AAPs will be used to support the delivery of the Housing Market Renewal programme.

 ADF

A ten  to eleven year strategy for the regeneration of an area which identifies within it a number of priority action areas where the worst housing, social, economic and environmental problems are found.

Derived from the term “biological diversity” it is most often used to refer to the number and variety of plants, animals and micro-organisms found within a specified area (or ecosystem)

Also referred to as previously developed land, or PDL for short. The term refers to land previously occupied by a permanent structure (excluding agricultural, or forestry buildings) and any associated fixed (surface) infrastructure. The term can also be applied to land occupied by under-used or vacant premises.

An initiative which promotes design excellence and celebrates best practice in the house building industry. The Building for Life criteria are the measure by which design quality in new housing is assessed. They cover four main themes:

1. Character.

2. Roads, parking and pedestrianisation.

3. Design and construction.

4. Environment and community.

A reference to significant long-term change in the ‘average weather’ conditions (temperature, precipitation and wind patterns) experienced in a particular area.

These changes can be caused by external forces, such as variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human activities, in particular the consumption of fossil fuels.

CIL

This is a standard charge decided levied on new developments by local authorities to reflect their impact on local services and amenities. It can be levied as a certain amount per dwelling or per square metre of development.

Demonstrates how each Local Development Document has been prepared in accordance with the requirements set out in The Town and Country Planning (Local Development) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2008.

The statement should set out:

• which bodies and persons were invited to make representations under Regulation 25 (Regulation 26 for the Statement of Community Involvement);
• how these bodies and persons were invited to make such representations;
• a summary of the main issues raised by those representations; and
• how those main issues have been addressed in the LDD.

CS

The key document in the new Local Development Framework (LDF). The Core Strategy establishes the key elements for planning in the Pendle area and sets out:

• a spatial vision and strategic objectives;
• a spatial strategy;
• core policies; and
• a framework for monitoring and implementation.

The Core Strategy must be kept up to date and all other Development Plan Documents must be in conformity with it.

Development plans are statutory documents, which contain planning policies and site specific allocations and proposals to guide the nature and location of development in a particular area.

In Pendle the Development Plan currently comprises the Pendle Local Plan, which expresses locally specific planning policy guidance and advice for developers; and  Development Plan Documents included in the Lancashire Minerals and Waste Local Plan.

Under the new planning system Local Plans are to be replaced by a  Local Development Framework (LDF). As such the Development Plan for Pendle will eventually contain Development Plan Documents from the new Pendle LDF and the Lancashire Minerals and Waste LDF.

DPD

Theses are statutory planning documents, which contain the key policies used to control development in the Borough. Those that local planning authorities are required to prepare include the  Core Strategy, site-specific allocations of land and, where needed, area action plans. A  proposals map, which illustrates the spatial extent of policies must also be prepared and maintained to accompany all DPDs.

DPDs form part of the  Development Plan and are, therefore, a primary consideration in decisions on a planning application, unless material considerations indicate otherwise. As such they are subject to rigorous consultation procedures, sustainability appraisal and independent examination. DPDs can only be adopted once the inspector appointed by the Government to oversee the examination has issued his / her binding report.

The body of information and data prepared or collated by a local planning authority to help justify the soundness of the policy approach set out in its Local Development Documents.

FRA

Issues of flooding and the location of development have become a significant issue in recent years, particularly following major UK flooding events in the late 1990’s. Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk defines the flood risk zones and when a flood risk assessment (FRA) is required as part of a planning application.

In accordance with PPS25, a FRA must be submitted with any application within Flood Zone 3, Flood Zone 2 and over 1 hectare within Flood Zone 1.  A FRA is also required where a development is in an area of known drainage concerns.  The FRA should comply with the requirements of PPS25 and should be appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed development. 

A home zone is a street or group of streets designed primarily to meet the interests of pedestrians and cyclists rather than motorists, opening up the street for social use. Legally, neither pedestrians nor vehicles have priority, but the road may be reconfigured to make it more favourable to pedestrians. For example, traffic calming features, benches, play areas or parking bays may be introduced.

 HMR 

The process of coordinating public sector intervention to help sustain areas where housing market failure is evident – i.e. there is low demand for housing and high levels of abandonment.

The main purpose of a housing trajectory is to support the forward planning process by providing a progress report comparing past performance on housing supply to future rates of supply as anticipated by the local planning authority. The housing trajectory can be found in the local authorities Annual Monitoring Report.

IMD

The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 combines a number of indicators, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues, into a single deprivation score for each small area in England. This allows each area to be ranked relative to one another according to their level of deprivation. As with the 2004 indices, the Indices of Deprivation 2007 have been produced at Lower Super Output Area level, of which there are 32,482 in the country.

Infrastructure

Collective term for the basic services necessary for development to take place i.e. transport, electricity, sewerage, water, education and health facilities.

A report issued by an Independent Planning Inspector regarding the planning issues debated at the independent examination of a development plan or a planning inquiry. Reports into DPDs will be binding upon local authorities.

The “pre-submission” consultation stage on DPDs with the objective of gaining public consensus over proposals ahead of submission to Government for independent examination.

LiDAR 

LiDAR 

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is high accuracy, high resolution elevation data derived from airborne sources. A laser is used to measure the distance between the aircraft and ground and between the aircraft and the vegetation canopy or building tops.

Local Development Document

LDD

The collective term for Development Plan Documents (DPD), Supplementary Planning Documents (SPD) and the Statement of Community Involvement (SCI).

Together they help to deliver the  spatial planning strategy for the area, and may be prepared jointly with other local planning authorities. 

Local Development Framework

LDF

The term used to describe the collection of documents that outline how planning will be managed in the local area.

The LDF will eventually replace the Pendle Local Plan.

Local Development Scheme

LDS

Sets out the timetable for the production of all the documents that will form part of the new LDF for Pendle.

The LDS must be agreed with Government.

Local Plan

Document identifying detailed proposals for the protection and use of land in a local area. It consists of a Written Statement and a Proposals Map. It is used as the basis for development control decisions and to help co-ordinate new development. Local plans are to be phased out and replaced by a Local Development Framework.

Local Transport Plan 

LTP

A bidding document to help secure funding for local transport projects. Lancashire County Council is responsible for preparing the Lancashire Transport Plan.

Local Strategic Partnership

LSP

A non statutory body of public, private, community and voluntary sector organisations working together to support one another so that they can help improve service delivery and deliver a better quality of life for local residents. The key goals of the LSP are set out in the Sustainable Community Strategy. The LSP for Pendle is known as Pendle Partnership.

A Masterplan is used to plan major changes in detail within a specific area with a timescale of several years. It aims to create a shared vision for an area which avoids piecemeal change and includes all parties involved within the area.

Open Space

The term used to describe all areas of public value, including not just land, but also areas of water, which offer opportunities for sport and recreation, or act as a valuable visual amenity or haven for wildlife.

This is the name for specific areas identified as a priority for the Housing Market Renewal initiative.

This is Pendle's LSP (See Local Strategic Partnership)

Planning Policy Guidance note

PPG

A series of notes setting out the Government’s national policies for land use on a wide range of different planning issues. Due weight must be given to them when considering individual planning applications as they are a material factor in their determination. PPGs are gradually being replaced by Planning Policy Statements.

Planning Policy Statement

PPS

Prepared by the Government to outline national planning policy on a wide range of planning issues. In order to provide greater clarity than the Planning Policy Guidance notes that they will eventually replace, they will exclude advice on practical implementation, which is better expressed as guidance rather than policy.

The contents of a PPS must be taken into account in the preparation of the Local Development Framework.

The “pre-submission” consultation stage on DPDs with the objective of gaining public consensus over proposals ahead of submission to Government for independent examination.

Produced as part of the preparation of Development Plan Documents, and is issued for formal public participation as required by  old Regulation 26 (now regulation 25 -  consideration of reasonable alternatives). 

Previously Developed Land

PDL

Brownfield land.

Areas which have been identified and recommended by consultants to be where projects to tackle housing problems should be focused.

Proposals Map

Map of the district, using an Ordnance Survey base to illustrate the spatial implications of the policies and proposals contained in the other Development Plan Documents. The map defines sites where particular developments or land uses are favoured, or those areas that are protected from development. Detailed inset maps are used where additional clarity is required.

The following definition of Public Realm is used by the ODPM in Living Places: Caring for Quality (January 2004): Public Realm relates to all those parts of the built environment where the public has free access. It encompasses: all streets, squares, and other rights of way, whether predominantly in residential, commercial or community / civic uses; the open spaces and parks; and the ‘public / private’ spaces where public access is unrestricted (at least during daylight hours). It includes the interfaces with key internal and private spaces to which the public normally has free access.

Regenerate Pennine Lancashire

RPL

Regenerate Pennine Lancashire (formerly known as Elevate East Lancashire) is the Pathfinder organisation responsible for delivering the Housing Market Renewal Programme in Pendle (amongst other East Lancashire Districts i.e. Blackburn, Burnley, Rossendale and Hyndburn).

Registered Social Landlord

RSL

Independent, not-for-profit private sector organisations providing social housing. Replaced the term Housing Association in the Housing Act 1996.

Renewable Energy

An energy resource that is replaced rapidly by natural processes and essentially cannot be exhausted. Examples include wind energy, solar energy and hydro-electric power.

Secured by Design

SBD

A Police initiative supporting the principles of designing out crime by the use of effective crime prevention and security standards for a range of applications.

Site specific allocations

The allocation of land for particular uses within a Development Plan Document.

Soundness

The term means founded on a robust and credible evidence base and the most appropriate strategy when considered against the reasonable alternatives. The DPD should be justified, effective and consistent with national policy. For something to be sound is must also be deliverable, flexible and able to be monitored.

Spatial

Although often used instead of the term ‘geographic’, it has a much broader meaning in that it refers to an in depth understanding of the position, area and size of features in a particular location, and the relationship that this place has with other locations. 

Spatial planning

Spatial planning refers to the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in a particular area. It goes beyond traditional land use planning, in that it brings together and integrates policies for the development and use of land with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places and how they function.

This will include policies which can impact on land use by influencing the demands on, or needs for, development, but which are not capable of being delivered solely or mainly through the granting or refusal of planning permission and which may be implemented by other means.

Specific consultation bodies

The Regulations require local planning authorities to consult  each of the ‘specific consultation bodies’, to the extent that they consider that the proposed subject matter affects the body, in the preparation of documents that will form part of the Local Development Framework.

The list of specific consultation bodies is identified in the regulations, but includes organisations such as major government departments and regional agencies, neighbouring local authorities, parish councils in and adjacent to the borough and infrastructure providers.

General consultation bodies

Statement of Community Involvement

SCI

Sets out how a planning local authority (e.g. Pendle Council) intends to consult the public and selected organisations in the preparation, alteration and continuing review of all Local Development Documents and development management decisions. It explains how people and organisations can get involved in the preparation of new planning policy and how they will be consulted on planning applications.

The SCI is no longer subject to independent examination but is still part of a comprehensive approach to engagement.

Supplementary Planning Document 

SPD

Cover a range of thematic or site specific issues in order to provide additional information and guidance that expands on the policies contained in ‘parent’ Development Plan Documents. They do not form part of the  statutory Development Plan and cannot be used to allocate land or introduce new planning policies (Development Plan Document). Although SPDs go through public consultation procedures and sustainability appraisal, they are not subject to independent examination.

SPDs will replace existing Supplementary Planning Guidance.

Sustainability Appraisal

SA

The process of assessing the policies and site allocations in a Development Plan Document, for their global, national and local implications on social, economic and environmental objectives.

Sustainable Community Strategy

 SCS

This is a community document prepared by Pendle Partnership, the local strategic partnership for the borough. It sets out the strategic vision for the area and provides a vehicle for considering how to address difficult issues such as the economic future of an area, social exclusion and climate change.

Sustainable Development

Various definitions of sustainable development have been put forward over the years, but that most often used is the Brundtland definition: enabling development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Planning seeks to promote sustainable development by helping to achieve a balance between economic growth, social advancement and environmental conservation.

Government regulations describing the process of preparing development plans begun before, and to be completed after, the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. It includes existing “saved” Unitary, Structure and Local plans until new Local Development Documents are adopted.